What do they do?

Measure air temperature in the intake manifold. The sensor's resistance changes as the temperature increases or decreases. The ECU receives this change in signal and adjusts the injector pulse width and fuel mixture accordingly.

Fuel Pumps

What they do

All vehicles with engine management systems utilise an electric fuel pump, its purpose is to deliver fuel from the fuel tank to the engine/engine management system at the required pressure and delivery rate. The pressure and delivery rate vary according to the vehicle to which it is fitted.

Later vehicles are often fitted with a fuel pump module/assembly  which includes the fuel level gauge sender unit. It is also becoming more common place to incorporate the fuel pressure regulator into the same unit.